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All right.
Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
You can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
That's impressive.
That's really good. I mean, I'm very impressed by that,
especially since my class is called Nonlinear Equations.
All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
Anyone? Bueller. Anyone? Bueller.
Newton stole it.
- I'm sorry? - Newton stole it.
Joseph Raphson published this same method 50 years earlier.
If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
- I'm sorry, what's your name? - Ben. Ben Campbell.
So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Raphson
was the original author of this method.
Well, if that's the case, then why didn't he get any credit?
Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
And for another, after 1700, we know very little about Raphson
other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah
about 300 years before Madonna.
All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
We're gonna call this the game show host problem, all right?
Ben, suppose you're on a game show.
And you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
Now, behind one of the doors is a new car. Behind the other two, goats.
Which door would you choose, Ben?
Door number one?
Door number one. Ben chooses door number one.
All right, now, the game show host,
who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors,
decides to open another door. Let's say he chooses door number three.
Behind which sits a goat. Now...
Ben, game show host comes up to you.
He says, " Ben, do you want to stay with door number one
" or go with door number two?"
Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
- Yeah. - Well, wait.
Remember, the host knows where the car is
so how do you know he's not playing a trick on you?
Trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
Well, I wouldn't really care. I mean, my answer's based on statistics.
Based on variable change.
Variable change? But he just asked you a simple question.
Yeah, which changed everything.
Enlighten us.
Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door,
I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice,
it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
So, yeah, I'll take door number two, and thank you for that extra 33.3%.
Exactly. People, remember,
if you don't know which door to open, always account for variable change.
Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch
out of paranoia, fear, emotions.
But Mr. Campbell, he kept emotions aside
and let simple math get his ass into a brand-new car!
Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
All right, everybody.
That's the end of the day. Thank you very much.
Your graded papers are down here at the end.
You can pick them up on your way out.
which - qual
variable - variável
value - valor
trick - truque
remember - lembrar
explain - explicar
newton - newton
exactly - exatamente
everything - tudo
emotions - emoções
earlier - mais cedo
little - pequeno
always - sempre
everybody - todo mundo
behind - atrás
three - três
decides - decide
discovered - descobriu
since - desde a
changed - mudou
account - conta
choice - escolha
class - classe
around - por aí
campbell - campbell
different - diferente
about - sobre
fails - falha
other - de outros
especially - especialmente
choose - escolher
brand - marca
chance - chance
interest - interesse
comes - vem
chooses - escolhe
author - autor
suppose - suponha
after - depois de
based - sediada
aside - a parte, de lado
something - alguma coisa
called - chamado
problem - problema
would - seria
start - começar
before - antes
better - melhor
bueller - construtor
gonna - vai
choosing - escolhendo
campus - campus
already - já
another - outro
change - mudança
given - dado
statistics - estatisticas
graded - classificado
impressed - impressionado
kabbalah - Cabala
joseph - joseph
anyone - alguém
impressive - impressionante
knows - sabe
simple - simples
method - método
nonlinear - não linear
years - anos
goats - cabras
number - número
trying - tentando
original - original
originally - originalmente
extra - extra
offers - ofertas
papers - papéis
paranoia - paranóia
question - questão
people - pessoas
thing - coisa
equations - equações
playing - jogando
psychology - psicologia
doors - portas
raphson - raphson
published - publicados
really - realmente
removed - removido
enlighten - ilumine
opens - abre
switch - interruptor
where - onde
reverse - marcha ré
credit - crédito
right - certo
madonna - madonna
shall - deve
solve - resolver
driving - dirigindo
asked - perguntei
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