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I have seen the Parthenon of Athens.

I saw the Parthenon of Athens.

If we are speaking of the result of a past action rather than of the action we must use the present perfect tense. When somebody says, I have seen Panthenon, he or she is not thinking so much of the past act of seeing it, as the present result of that past action.

I wish I knew more English.

I would wish to know more English.

Use the present tense of wish to express a present meaning, followed by a that clause containing a past tense.

I've forgot to bring my book.

I've forgotten to bring my book.

Use the past participle (and not the past tense) with the auxiliary verb have and its parts.

If he would ask me, I would stay.

If he asked me, I would stay.

Express an improbable condition by the past tense and use the conditional in the main clause. This use of the past tense doesn't indicate a time but a degree of probability.

Every morning I go for a walk.

Every morning I'm going for a walk.

Use the simple present (and not the present continuous) to express a present habitual action.

Use the present continuous to express a habitual action with the word always or with a verb denoting a continuous state: He is always talking in class; He is living in London.

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